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Macrophages are simply monocytes that reside in tissues, rather than blood. In histology, monocytes appear bean shaped, whereas macrophages are just large with fluffy edges.

At its most basic, the TCA cycle is a mechanism which converts the fuel we consume - carbohydrates, fats and proteins - into special molecules called "reduced cofactors" which transport elec...

Promoters switch genes on, if a gene is inserted into a bacterium it needs a promoter added to coordinate with the gene for the chanracteristic to be expressed.
For human insulin production in bacter...

Sucrose is digested faster than starch because the process only has one step: sucrose is digested to glucose by sucrase. However, the digestion of starch has two steps: starch is digested to maltose b...

- Differences in genes lead to variation within a species

- It is in an individuals' best interest to produce the maximum amount of offspring in order to have maximum variation in the genes of...