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Primary structure - This is the sequence of the amino acids on the polypeptide chain. The amino acids are held together with covalent bonds. When mutations occur, they effect the primary structure of protein...

Both meiosis and mitosis are types of nuclear division . The main difference between the two is the ​number ​of nuclear divisions that take place: Mitosis ​: involves one nuclear division which produces two ...

Mitochondria are the 'powerhouses' of the eukaryotic cell. These organelles are the sites of cellular respiration, the metabolic process that generates energy from carbohydrates in the cell. The energy produ...

Evolution is a constant process that allows life forms to adapt to a changing environment. How does the environment change, though? Well, there are several sources of variation in every ecosystem. Variation ...

The gene to be transcribed s unwound and unzipped using the enzyme DNA helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Activated RNA nucleotides then bind to the exposed complementry ba...