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Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell, so to fill its outer shell (which can hold up to 8 electrons) and be stable, it wants another 4 electrons. It can do this by sharing its 4 electrons in 4 strong ...

The position of equilibrium changes after the temperature increases according to Le Chatelier's principle, which states that if a change is applied to a system in equilibrium, then the position of equilib...

We can take the electrophilic addition of bromine to ethene as an example. The double bond in ethene acts as an area of high electron density causing an induced dipole on the Br₂ molecule, givi...

For the boiling point to be reached all of the intermolecular bonds must be broken. In an alkane the only two elements are hydrogen and carbon. The molecular structure of the alkane means that the intermo...

Alkanes are non-polar so only have London forces between them. These intermolecular bonds are weak, and easily overcome with little energy. This means that alkanes have a low boiling point hence they are ...