Search over 10,000 free study notes

Fluorine has 1 more proton than oxygen and one more electron but the same number of shells so no increased shielding. This means there is more electostatic attraction from the nucleus so increased pull fr...

In the outer shells of atoms, electrons move around uncontrollably and spontaneously, these leads to there being an uneven distribution of electrons in this region. This uneven distribution induces a dipo...

Potassium has 1 electron in its outer shell whilst Sulphur has 6 electrons in its outer shell, this can be deduced from the periodic table as Potassium is in group 1 and Sulphur group 6. When the two reac...

Before we start on exploring the implications of hybridisation, we should start with a definition. Hybridisation can be thought of as the mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals suitable that can ...

Titrations are used to make soluble salts (remember solubility rules) from an acid and an alkali. There are no solids involved in this reaction and the solutions made are colourless so there is no way of ...