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Ionic bonding: When a metal loses electron(s) and a non-metal gains electron(s) to achieve a full outer shell For example, sodium chloride (NaCl) Points to make: Which atom lose...

Al has the higher first ionisation energy. Mg electronic configuration is [Ne]3s² whereas Al configuration is [Ne]3s²3p¹. To remove the electron from Al, it has to be remo...

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with varying length carbon chains. The main method used to separate these is fractional distillation. The crude oil is heated, then placed inside a fractionating col...

Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from an isolated gaseous atom (in its ground state). This generates a cation (ion with a positive charge).
Both Mg and Al are in period...

The main difference is that covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons, whereas in ionic bonding electrons are transferred. Ionic bonding is between a metal and a non-metal whereas covalent bonding is b...