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A titration reaction is used to calculate the conentration of an acid or alkali. The two solutions are combined, one of known and one of unknown concentration. When combined the hydrogen ions from the aci...

Metals are arranged in a regular lattice structure with the positive ions being held together via a sea of delocalised negative electrons.

Write out all the atoms that are in the equation, underneath. Then always balance the carbons first, leave the others for later. Then do the hydrogens and then the oxygens. This method is for simple equat...

Sodium chloride has a giant ionic lattice structure with ionic bonding. There are electrostatic forces of attraction between the Na⁺ ions and the Cl^- ions.

Aluminium has a lower first ionisation energy than magnesium. This is because it's outer electron is in a p-orbital in comparision to magnesium's outer electron which is in an s-orbital. The outer electro...