Why is scandium not considered a true transition metal?

This is to do with the definition of a transition metal (TM). A TM is a metal which loses electrons to form an ion with an incomplete D subshell. Scandiums most stable ion is a Sc3+ ion losing both the electrons in its 4s shell and one electron in it's 3d shell. This points out that the 4s shell loses the 2e- before the 3d, due to the orbitals being higher in energy, then the 3d e- is lost to form the Sc3+. With no d-electrons the definition doesnt apply to Sc hence not a transition metal. The same is said for Zinc, which forms a 2+ ion as its most stable ion and has a complete d-subshell.

OG

Related Chemistry A Level answers

All answers ▸

Draw the structure, name the shape and show bond angles of the molecules XeF4 and SbF4-. In your answer explain why each structure is different, despite both having a central atom, surrounded by 4 fluorine atoms.


Why does ionisation energy increase across a period?


How does temperature affect the position of equilibrium if the reaction is exothermic?


What are the oxidation numbers of each element in these examples: a) H2SO4 b) N2 c) NH4+