Why is Chlorine a gas at room temperature but Sodium Chloride is a solid?

Chlorine is a gas at room temperature due to its structure.  Chlorine is made up of two chlorine atoms, held together by covalent bonds, forming simple covalent molecules.  Whilst the covalent bonds within the chlorine molecules are strong, there are only weak intermolecular forces between molecules, which require very little energy to overcome. Therefore chlorine has a low boiling point and so is a gas at room temperature. In contrast, sodium chloride is a solid at room temperature as it is a giant ionic compound.  The individual sodium and chloride ions are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions.  These ionic bonds are very strong and are formed in all directions, creating a giant ionic lattice.  Due to the strength of the bonds, large amounts of energy are needed to break them and therefore sodium chloride has a high melting point.

SV
Answered by Sophie V. Chemistry tutor

36203 Views

See similar Chemistry GCSE tutors

Related Chemistry GCSE answers

All answers ▸

What is the overall charge of the nucleus of an atom, and why?


How would you preform the flame test to identify the presence of Sodium in a solution? (3Marks)


a) Give a balanced equation for the complete combustion of butane, b) Explain how this would change if there was insufficient oxygen present, and explain the problems this causes


Define the three types of chemical bonding.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2025 by IXL Learning