What is the difference between gene transcription and gene translation?

Both of these are key steps in gene expression to obtain proteins.

Transcription occurs first. It is the process, happening in the nucleus, where a specific segment of DNA is copied into RNA to form messenger RNA (mRNA). This requires the enzyme RNA polymerase and free nucleic acids. The RNA strand produced is complimentary and antiparallel to the transcribed DNA segment. However the mRNA strand contains the Uracil nucleotide instead of the Thymine nucleotide.

Translation takes place once the mRNA has entered the cytoplasm through a nuclear pore. Ribosomes in the cytoplasm or the endoplasmic reticulum attach to the mRNA strand. The ribosome decodes the mRNA strand by reading it as triplets of bases called codons. Each codon triplet then attracts a complimentary triplet or anticodon. The anticodon is part of a tRNA (transfer RNA) molecule. Each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acid. When the codon and anticodon bind via hydrogen bond formation, the amino acids also bind via peptide bond formation. This reaction is facilitated by the ribosome, and gradually forms a polypeptide chain that will become the final protein.