Draw a diagram of a human cell, include; the Nucleus, the Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Ribosomes and Mitochondria, annotating your diagram with the general functions of each component and of the cell membrane.

Nucleus: Contains the DNA/ Human genome in the form of chromosomes (with the help of histone proteins), within a nuclear membrane which is inpenetrable by cytosolic enzymes.

Golgi Apparatus: Transport/ modification/ packaging of proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes: Contain enzymes that break down biological polymers such as nucleic acids, carbohydrates and proteins.

Ribosomes: During translation, ribosomes attach to mRNA molecules and decode the sequence by aligning them with complementary tRNA molecules. Each tRNA molecule holds a specific amino acid and as they line up, peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids, forming the desired protein product. However, the protein can then be post-translationally modified by phopshorylation, methylation or enzymatic cleavage to form the final functional protein. 

Mitochondria: Generate energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) by the breakdown of sugars and fats, this process occurs via the citric acid cycle.

Cell membrane/ Phospholipid Bilayer: Signalling (hormones/ neurotransmitters/ secondary messengers such as cAMP, endocrine/ autocrine/ paracrine), structure of cell, recognition of pathogens, markers of 'self proteins' to immune cells, organisation of components for a particular cell type/ function, etc.

Answered by Victoria T. Biology tutor

5905 Views

See similar Biology A Level tutors

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

How is tissue fluid formed and returned to the circulatory system?


Some plant cells contain the polymer starch. Explain how the structure and properties of starch are related to its function as a storage molecule.


How is the heart beat controlled?


How do vaccinations work? Relating to humoral immunity and the secondary immune response.


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2024

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy