I'm confused about the difference between active and passive immunity

Active immunity occurs when an individual develops immunity against a specific antigen when they are exposed to it - your body reacts by producing memory cells that provide long lasting immunity against that specific antigen. This happens when you get a vaccination for instance - your body is exposed to a specific antigen (e.g. MMR) - then your body forms memory cells to protect you from that disease. 

Passive immunity is slightly different, because the individual becomes immune to a specific antigen thanks to antibodies that are already ready-made. A good example are antibodies that can pass from mother to foetus via the placenta, or via a mothers milk during suckling - the baby isn't actively producing these antibodies - they are simply being passed on and stored for later use if the need to fight a specifc antigen arises. Passive immunity is generally more short-term vs active. 

SP

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

Explain how HIV infects the body once it has entered the host


What conditions are needed for evolution by natural selection to arise?


Describe how filtration of the blood occurs at the Kidney


Explain why podocytes are usually unable to undergo mitosis.