Describe the structure of a typical animal cell and explain the functions of its components. How does this compare to the structure of a plant cell?

Cells are the smallest unit of life that make up every living thing. A typical animal cell is made up of a cell membrane, which maintains its structure and controls what goes in and out of the cell. Enclosed within the cell membrane is the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance where all cellular reactions take place. The main components of the cell which carry out their functions are contained within the cytoplasm. This includes the nucleus, where all the genetic material is stored and cellular processes are controlled. Cells also have mitochondria to produce energy to fuel their activities and ribosomes to synthesise proteins.

Plant cells are very similar in structure and have the same components, except they have a cell wall made of cellulose for extra strength. They also have a vacuole filled with sap to maintain pressure for extra support. Finally and most importantly, plant cells contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll inside to carry out photosynthesis - their vital function.