What are the non-specific defence systems of the body against pathogens?

There are four main non-specific defence systems, all of which are immediate and the same for all pathogens (hence 'non-specific).1) skin: it acts as a primary defence mechanism as the dry, dead cells on the surface of the skin act as a barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body. 2) nose: contains nasal hairs which work to keep away large microbes.3) trachea and bronchial system: contain cilia which are long, fingerlike projections that emerge from the cells on the walls of the respiratory tracts. Mucus in the tracts trap pathogens and this pathogen-filled mucus is then brushed away by the cilia.4) stomach: it contains hydrochloric acid which destroys the pathogens if they enter due to its acidic nature.5) tears: our tears contain the enzyme lysozyme which is breaks down harmful microbes.

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Answered by Sai Harshita V. Biology tutor

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