Discuss, with examples, the role of molecular machinery within transcription and translation.

Transcription and translation are processes that result in gene expression through the synthesis of proteins based upon the reading of genes by molecular machines. These processes arise from the action of a diverse range of proteins and RNA working in unison. [I would include an pictographic representation of transcription and translation utilising colour to highlight the place and functional site of these molecular machines]These include: RNA polymerase, messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RNA polymerase is an enzyme that produces RNA and catalyses the initiation and elongation of RNA chains from a DNA template. This enzyme functions to create RNA through the process of transcription, the decoding of codons within the open reading frame within the DNA.mRNA conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. This molecule provides a critical coupling between transcription and translation in eukaryotes. rRNA is the predominant RNA component of the ribosome, essential for ensuring the fidelity of translation; producing coherent polypeptides.tRNA aids in decoding mRNA sequence into protein. Specific tRNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome (P site) during translation, which is a process that synthesises a protein from an mRNA molecule.