What is covalent bonding?

Covalent bonding is the interaction between two non-metals. The electrons in the outer shells are shared between the atoms involved in the bonding.

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Technetium is an element commonly used in medicine. A technetium atom is represented as ^99 _43 Tc. Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of technetium.


Why does a higher temperature lead to a higher rate of reaction?


In one experiment, the temperature of 50 g of water increased from 22.0 °C to 38.4 °C. The mass of alcohol burned was 0.8 g. Calculate the heat energy (Q) in joules, released by burning 0.8 g of the alcohol.


A student wanted to make 10.0 g of zinc chloride. The equation for the reaction is: ZnO(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l) Calculate the mass of zinc oxide the student needs to react with the dilute acid to make 10.0 g of zinc chloride. [4 marks]