What is the difference between transcription and translation?

(Insert diagram of the central dogma DNA -> RNA -> Protein)Transcription is the process of converting DNA to RNA. First, within the nucleus, DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs to unwind the DNA. Then, complimentary free RNA nucleotides bind to exposed bases on the template strand. RNA polymerase then forms the sugar phosphate backbone. Introns and exons are repeatedly transcribed to make pre-mRNA which terminates at the stop codon. The pre-mRNA is then spliced to remove the introns and form mRNA.Translation follows this by converting RNA to protein. the mRNA leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. A ribosome binds to the mRNA. tRNA carrying an amino acid binds its anti- codon to the complimentary codon on the mRNA. A second tRNA binds adjacent to this first codon, carrying another specific amino acid. Peptide bonds form between the amino acids and another specific tRNA- amino acid complex binds adjacently, forming a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, it disengages. this because there are no tRNA anti- codons complimentary to stop codons.

SS
Answered by Sabahat S. Biology tutor

2198 Views

See similar Biology A Level tutors

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

How do I gain the full marks in the question "Describe the stages of Eutrophication" (6 marks)?


How is air breathed in to the lungs so that oxygen reaches the gas exchange surfaces?


How does DNA lead to the production of proteins?


What is an enzyme and what effect does temperature have on enzyme activity? (6 marks)


We're here to help

contact us iconContact usWhatsapp logoMessage us on Whatsapptelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

© MyTutorWeb Ltd 2013–2025

Terms & Conditions|Privacy Policy
Cookie Preferences