What is the difference between transcription and translation?

(Insert diagram of the central dogma DNA -> RNA -> Protein)Transcription is the process of converting DNA to RNA. First, within the nucleus, DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs to unwind the DNA. Then, complimentary free RNA nucleotides bind to exposed bases on the template strand. RNA polymerase then forms the sugar phosphate backbone. Introns and exons are repeatedly transcribed to make pre-mRNA which terminates at the stop codon. The pre-mRNA is then spliced to remove the introns and form mRNA.Translation follows this by converting RNA to protein. the mRNA leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. A ribosome binds to the mRNA. tRNA carrying an amino acid binds its anti- codon to the complimentary codon on the mRNA. A second tRNA binds adjacent to this first codon, carrying another specific amino acid. Peptide bonds form between the amino acids and another specific tRNA- amino acid complex binds adjacently, forming a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, it disengages. this because there are no tRNA anti- codons complimentary to stop codons.

SS

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

Putting bee honey on a cut kills bacteria. Honey contains a high concentration of sugar. Use your knowledge of water potential to suggest how putting honey on a cut kills bacteria. (AQA BIOL1)


What is the difference between the function of a receptor and the function of an effector.


Describe the adaptations for efficient gas exchange in the lungs?


What is the role of the Loop of Henle in urine production?