What are the types and effects of genetic mutations?
Insertion/deletion - one or more nucleotide pairs are put in/taken out of a sequence -> causes frameshift. Duplication - one or more bases are repeated -> leads to frameshift. Inversion - group of bases separate from DNA sequence and rejoin at same position but in reverse order -> forms different amino acids and therefore protein. Translocation - group of bases separate from DNA sequence on 1 chromosome and insert into DNA sequence of another chromosome -> different proteins formed. Some mutations have no effect (neutral) e.g. occurs on non coding part of DNA or silent mutation
ZK
Related Biology A Level answers
All answers ▸Describe the function of phospholipids in the human body
What are the two types of nucleotide bases which make up DNA, and which bases bond with one another? What is the difference with these bases in RNA?
How do you structure an answer when describing a process such as the Kreb's Cycle?
Define the term 'water potential' and describe the difference between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions. Suggest the different effects on cells placed in the different solutions.