The affluent have a moral duty to alleviate world poverty

Impossible to write a full answer in just two paragraphs, but successful answers will cover the following: "Child drowning in pond" analogy, exploration of the difference or lack thereof between saving the child in the pond and donating to charity, the meanings of moral duties, demarcations between a moral good deed and a moral duty, an explanation of the categorical imperative and a nuanced analysis of whether it applies here. Evaluate counter arguments- are there logical inconsistencies present, can the argument be explained concisely in a set of sound and valid premises, are the principles and premises too demanding/not culturally appropriate. Could also bring in the economic arguments of any neoliberal/neoconservative economist (Smith etc) or criticise the effectiveness of charity with reference to corruption or bureaucracy.