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Because chlorine exists as two isotopes, two molecular ions will be present, and their relative heights will correspond to the abundances of the isotopes. The tallest peak will be 3 times the height of th...

First we need to calculate the total mass of a CO₂ molecule. This is done by summing up the individual masses of all the atoms. To find these, we look at the periodic table and see that the mas...

This is a really common pitfall, because it is tempting just to tell the examiner everything you know and get carried away telling the story. I find the best way to avoid this is to really think about and...

Have you ever talked about your pet as if they were a member of the family? Even if you have not, this is a common behaviour in those who share their lives with a non-human animal. However, even if non-hu...

The electrons in chlorine are further away from the nucleus and in a higher energy level (3p for chlorine as apposed to 2p for fluorine). Chlorines electrons are better shielded and so feel less nuclear c...