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Firstly, there are chemical differences between the two nucleic acids. DNA has the following structural properties:-double stranded and anti-parallel polymer held together by (relatively) weak hydrogen bo...

The chloroplast has a cell membrane like most cells/organelles. They are long and oval shaped with a similar shape/size to bacteria. Inside the organelle, the grana stack up like disks on top of one anoth...

An atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons. Electrons have a negative charge (-1), protons have a postive charge (+1) and neutrons have a neutral charge.

Atoms must have a neut...

Both antigenic shift and drift are used by viruses to adapt to selection pressures and avoid host immune systems. 

Antigenic shift is a slow change in the viral genes ove...

By recalling that e^ln(a) = a, you can rewrite 3^2x as e^2xln(3).

Then, you can differentiate this like any other e function, by using the product rule.