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Although the theoretical yield can be up to 38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose, this yield is very rarely achieved. It is important to consider at which stages the losses o...

Transcription - occurs in the nucleus. 

to prevent damage to the DNA, when a protein is required to be synthesised, a copy of that particular gene is encoded onto an mRNA (messenger RNA) molecule.T...

Glycogen is a polysaccharide composed of alpha glucose monomers which are a respiritory substrate involved in the production of energy (ATP). 1-6 glycosidic bonds between glucose allow glycogen to be bran...

It is important to monitor the pH of the fermenter to ensure this acidity can be detected and acid or alkali can be added accordingly to make sure the fermenter is at the optimum pH for the microorganisms...

Prokaryotic cells are usually 1-10 micrometers in size. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall, which is usually complexed with a peptidoglycan layer. Prokayotic cells do not have a nucleus. Prokayotic cells ...