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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material in almost all organisms and is responsible for carrying out genetic instructions in the cell. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides and each nucleotide has...

Nucleus - This is the largest organelle within the cell and contains all the cell's genetic information (with the exception of the mitochondrial genome). Structurally, it has a double membrane, known as t...

Inspiration: The first stage of inspiration is contraction of the diaphragm, which causes it to move downwards, and contraction of the external intercostal muslces (the muscles between the ribs), w...

Ribosomes, which are made up of rRNA, are instrumental in the translation of mRNA into proteins. The ribosome has a large and a small subunit, which sandwich around a strand of mRNA. This mRNA attaches to...

When the muscle is relaxed, tropomyosin fibres wrap around the actin filament, covering up the sites at which myosin can bind with actin.

During muscle contraction, Ca2+ ions bind to troponin compl...