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Hydrophobic signalling molecules can pass through the lipid bilayer of the membrane due to both being hydrphobic. Once within the cell, the molecule can bind to a receptor or transcription factor to inhib...

Binding sites on the antibody are complementary to specific binding sites on antigen.  Antibodies group together/in groups of 5 (pentamers) and attach to antigen presenting pathogens, forming antigen-anti...

The 5 conditions are: Large population, rnadom mating, no mutations, no migration (immegration or emmigration from the population) and no natural selection. If all those conditions are met it states that ...

When lactose is absent the lac operon is switched off. This is becasue a repressor protein is produced which binds to the operator region. This prevetns RNA polymerase from binding to the operon and there...

First DNA helicase unwinds the strand of DNA. Then, DNA polymerase binds to the anti-sense strand of the DNA and adds RNA nucleotides in a sequence complementary to the strand of DNA. The DNA polymerase c...