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Unlike unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons are surrounded by an insulatory myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells. Because of this insulatory sheath, action potentials cannot occur along the entire leng...

Viruses are generally smaller than bacteria and are not living, whereas bacteria are considered as living species as a prokaryote. Viruses have no cytoplasm, cell membranes or cell wall and instead have a...

Mitosis is a process associated with organism growth, and it involves a tetraploid cell dividing to give two genetically identical diploid cells. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed, and it...

The refractory period is composed of two parts. The first part is the absolute refractory period in which another action potential cannot be stimulated in the nerve. In the relative refractory period that...

Voltage gated calcium channels open in response to the action potential reaching the presynaptic knob. Calcium ions diffuse into the celll down their concentration gradient. This results in synaptic vesic...