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When blood glucose concentration rises above its optimum level of 90mg/100cm³, it is detected by β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. These β-cells release insulin into the bloo...

Alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans (pancreas)

Normal adult haemoglobin is primarily comprised of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits and foetal haemoglobin has 2 gamma subunits instead of the 2 betas. Now what this does is increase the binding affinity of th...

Motor neurones have a myelin sheath made of Shwann cells. It's an electrical insulator meaning action potentials cannot pass through them. Along the axon there are gaps where there's no myelin sheath, cal...

Antibodies and antigens are made out of proteins. Proteins have a specific primary structure. The primary structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein. This sequence is specific t...