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Normal adult haemoglobin is primarily comprised of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits and foetal haemoglobin has 2 gamma subunits instead of the 2 betas. Now what this does is increase the binding affinity of th...

Motor neurones have a myelin sheath made of Shwann cells. It's an electrical insulator meaning action potentials cannot pass through them. Along the axon there are gaps where there's no myelin sheath, cal...

Antibodies and antigens are made out of proteins. Proteins have a specific primary structure. The primary structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein. This sequence is specific t...

There are four bases- ATGC adenine, thymine guanine and cytosine.

Each base is attached to a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate sugar. This makes up a nucleotide. Three nucleotides are called a codo...

The heart is composed of a specialied muscle type called cardiac muscle. This has unique properties such that each muscle cell is connected together by gap junctions in their cell membranes (electrical sy...