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The main bonding in DNA which renders the double helix structure so stable is that of hydrogen bonds. Between the complementary base pairs, hydrogen bonds connect the two strands of the helix. There are 3...

Two alpha subunits and two other subinits that vary depending on th type of haemoglobin, either beta,delta, gamma or epsilon. 

Each subunit contains on heme group. Heme group contains fou...

Start by considering what Xerophytes are, they are plants that live in dry conditions. What are the problems with dry conditions? Well, the big problem is maintaining a constant amount of water in the bod...

Eutrophication is due to high levels of nutrients (nitrates) in the water. This leads to increased growth of algae and other plants which leads to "algal blooms". This is where the surface of...

First, DNA-helicase (an enzyme) separates the two strands of DNA to allow RNA polymerase (another enzyme) to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) from free nucleotides, coded for by a gene in the DNA. The mRNA...