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First, DNA-helicase (an enzyme) separates the two strands of DNA to allow RNA polymerase (another enzyme) to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) from free nucleotides, coded for by a gene in the DNA. The mRNA...

To understand how HIV causes infection, students should have an appreciation for its basic virus structure and how it infects humans. Following infection, how does it cause disease and eventually AIDS? Wh...

Thinking of osmosis represented by two water towers attatched with a pipe at the bottom helped me to understand. If one tower has a higher level of water than the other, water will flow into the other ...

An impulse reaches the pre-synaptic neurone, as it does so, the impulse stimulates voltage-gated calcium channels to open, allowing an influx of calcium ions into the pre-synaptic bouton. This stimulat...

Temperature - the light-independent reaction is temperature sensitive due to being enzymed controlled

CO2 - Is needed as a source of carbon

Light intensity- Needed to 'excit...