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ii. The nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to the electrophilic carbon atom in the halogenoalkene. The bromine atom is substituted by the hydroxide ion. The mechanism is accompanied by inversion...

All the carbons in benzene are sp² hybridised. The carbons are each bonded to one hydrogen and all bonds to other carbon atoms in the ring are the same length. This bond is in between the bond ...

My best tip for exam preparation is to work your way through the course specification. This gives you the best understanding of exactly what you need to know for the exam, for example all the definitions ...

Non-molecular solids are of the type of metallic and ionic solids. They are held together by the strong electrostatic interactions of polar particles like ions and electrons. For example in metals the str...

As you descend group 2, more electrons are present in the atom. These electrons fill subshells at a greater energy level. There is a greater distance between the outer shell electron and the nucleus, as w...