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Enzymes are proteins. They are biological catalysts, meaning they increase the rate of reaction without being used up or changed. Different enzymes have different optimum temperatures and pHs, depending o...

A 'non-specific' defence system means that its response is the same for every invader (pathogen). In the human body this includes:

Skin- a physical barrier between the outside worl...

Both sperm cells and egg cells contain a haploid nucleus, this means that they contain half the number of chromosomes of a normal diploid cell. This is so that when the egg is fertilised by the sperm ther...

1. Waste (e.g. carbon dioxide)

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration, which ends up dissolving in the blood plasma. This can cause the blood pH to decrease, which will ultimate...

A graph would be drawn to show a steady incline to an optimum temperature and then a sharp decrease after the peak.

As the temperature increases the enzyme and sustrate will have more kinetic energ...