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Firstly, the whole point of a reflex is to create a QUICK reaction to a STIMULUS. So, the first stage of a reflex is SENSATION - i.e when you first touch the hot object the receptors in the skin will sens...
The first line of defence is the skin. This forms a physical barrier that prevents any microorganisms from getting into the body. Acid in the stomach, due to the low pH, is another defence the body has. T...
Aerobic respiration needs oxygen. It is the release of a relatively large amount of energy in cells by the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen:
glucose + oxygen ...
By neurotransmitters. At a neuromuscular junction, the neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine released from vesicles in the pre-synaptic neurone. Receptors on the muscle cell surface bind acetylcholine in the ...
In the nervous system, information is carried by electrical impulses from sensory neurons to the brain, from the brain to motor neurons, and within the neurons of the brain itself. A synapse is a connecti...
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