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Rather than cells having receptors specific to viruses, cells have receptors specific to molecules it needs to acquire from outside the cell, such as glucose (needed for respiration). It is the viruses wh...

Anaerobic conditios are those in which oxigen is not present, or present in very low quantities. Processes which are anaerobic tend to be found in stationary waters, and inside our muscles for example.

Animal and plant cells are types of eukaryotic cells and bacteria are a type of prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles such as the smooth and ...

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, anaerobic respiration does not.

In aerobic respiration glucose and oxygen react together in cells to produce carbon dioxide and water and energy. In particular ...

Mutations of pathogens produce new strains. Vaccinations may no longer be effective against these new strains. Vaccinations would kill non-resistant strain pathogens. However, resistant strain pathogens w...