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Sex linkage refers to a trait which is coded for by a gene on a sex chromosome, in mammals these are the X and Y chromosomes. As males are XY and females XX, alleles on these chromosomes have different pr...

DNA is made up of two nucleic acid strands joined by hydrogen bonding. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of many nucleotide monomers linked together by phosphodiester bonds. This type of bond is a covale...

Cells need to divide in order for an organism to grow. Cells can become damaged with time and so need a way to regenerate and produce new cells. There are certain stages throughout the process of cell div...

The hypothalamus is the processing centre in the brain that controls body temperature (constant temperature of 37ºC approx.). It triggers changes to effectors, such as sweat glands and muscles controlling...

Eutrophication is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem such as: increased production of algae and aquatic plants (algal blooms), depletion of fish speci...