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DNA is made up of two nucleic acid strands joined by hydrogen bonding. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of many nucleotide monomers linked together by phosphodiester bonds. This type of bond is a covale...

Cells need to divide in order for an organism to grow. Cells can become damaged with time and so need a way to regenerate and produce new cells. There are certain stages throughout the process of cell div...

The hypothalamus is the processing centre in the brain that controls body temperature (constant temperature of 37ºC approx.). It triggers changes to effectors, such as sweat glands and muscles controlling...

Eutrophication is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem such as: increased production of algae and aquatic plants (algal blooms), depletion of fish speci...

An electrical impulse (action potential) travels along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron. This causes the neuron to release chemical neurotransmitters which diffuse through the synaptic cleft and bind t...