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Alleles are different forms of a gene which can become mutated to cause different characteristics or diseases. They can be dominant (usually denonimated by a captial letter H) or recessive (usually denomi...

Despite animal cells all having a nucleus (for genetic information storage and reproduction), a cytoplasm (for structure), mitochondria (for aerobic respiration), ribosomes (for protein synthesis) and a c...

A mutation arises in an individual that confers a selective advantage.  The phenotype the mutation produces is selected for by natural selection and so the individual survives to reproductive age.  This m...

Plant cells possess a membrane bound nucleus that acts as the control centre of a cell.  They also possess a vacuole which controls water balance in the cell.  The chloroplasts are the site of photosynthe...

Foreign cells that enter the body have antigens on the outside of them which will be complementary to a specific antibody. The antibody can bind to the antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex, and th...