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Proteins are encoded by the information stored in the DNA genetic material. This happens in two stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA unravels and exposes it's sequence, all...

Enzymes are specific proteins that catalyse a specific reaction or breakdown of a substance. They allow a variety reactions to take place without using as much energy (improve efficiency). Useful to think...

Translation is the 2nd stage of protein synthesis, when the amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide. They are assembled into the sequence dictated by the sequence of codons on the mRNA (messenger RNA...

Blood is transported around the body by blood vessels. Arteries are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart, whilst veins are responsible for returning blood to the heart. Arteries and veins ar...

Aerobic - requires oxygen, releases carbon dioxide and water, produces much more energy for the same amount of glucose.

Anaerobic - doesn't require oxygen, releases lactic acid, much less efficient...