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Vaccination is a way of preparing the body's immune system to fight potential infection. By exposing the body to markers of the virus or bacteria, the white blood cells are able to recognise, memorise and...

Gaseous exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (diffusion) occurs between the alveoli (tiny air sacs) and capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) inside the lung. Diffusion refers to the passive net moveme...

The electrical impulse that travels along a nerve, known in biology as an action potential, gets passed along to an adjacent nerve as a chemical signal. When an action potential reaches the end of a nerve...

Enzymes are proteins which catalyse (speed up without being used up) biological reactions. Each enzyme will only speed up one reaction as the shape of the enzyme molecule needs to match the shape of the m...

Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. The eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus, which contains genetic material in the form of linear chromosomes. However, prokaryotic cells c...