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All the cells in our body communicate constantly with their surrounding environment in order to feed and excrete their wastes. Various substances in that environment pass through the cell membrane to ente...

Mutations are changes to the base sequence. The base sequence determines the amino acid sequence. A different base sequence therefore codes for a different amino acid sequence. Amino acids interact with e...

The function of the synapse is to transfer electric activity from one cell to another. At chemical synapses, the presynaptic neuron is separated from the postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic cleft. Transmiss...

The plasma membrane is organised into what is referred to as a lipid bilayer, consisting primarily of phospholipids and proteins. Phospholipids contain a hydrophobic (water hating) fatty acid 'tail' and a...

Non-coding RNA.The sequence of Messenger RNA codes for a protein so is not functional RNA. However some RNA has catalytic function, such as ribosomal RNA, doesn't code for proteins so is functional RNA. T...