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Restriction enzymes cut at specific sequences named palindromic sequences. These are unique as they read the same in opposite directions. A specific palindromic sequence is complementary to a specific res...

In surface area to volume ratio (SA:Vol) we are comparing the outside surface area of an object to its internal volume. So imagine 3 rubber balls, one's small, one's medium, one's large. The smallest ball...

A protein molecule is a polymer which means it is built when lots of smaller molecules join together in a chain, like building blocks. These smaller molecules are called amino acids. There are are 20 diff...

For IB Biology, there are three types of evidence for evolution you need to know: fossils, selective breeding and homologous structures.

Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms from th...

The hormone auxin causes cells in shoots to grow faster, and cells in roots to grow more slowly. Auxin becomes more concentrated on the side of the plant that is not facing the light, the shaded side. In ...