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Enzymes are involved in chemical digestion. When nutrients are ingested there are many different sized molecules across the various food groups. Some of these molecules are already small enough to be abso...

Gene cloning refers to a process in which a gene of interest is ligated to a vector. The recombinant DNA thus produced is introduced in a host cell by transformation. Each cell gets one DNA molecule and w...

Within cells the two main forms of cellular exchange are diffusion and osmosis. These two terms can sometimes be mixed up as they both mean "the movement of molecules of a substance from an area of h...

Eutrophication is a result of nitrogen rich compounds leeching from farm land fertilizer/manure or other pollution methods to the river water ecosystem. The all of a sudden nitrogen rich environment in th...

A protein's function is determined by its structure. The structure of a protein can be described in four different ways, the most basic of which is the primary structure.

Proteins are made up of po...