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Randomised controlled trials are the most important way that new medical therapies (drugs, devices, procedures and so on) are tested.

‘Controlled’ means that volunteers i...

There are lots of different types of cancer which affect different tissues in the body, and two cancers of the same type may not have the same causes. This makes cancer interesting, but also potentiall...

1. In the nucleus of the cell, there are pairs of chromosomes which carry the same genes in the same places. 2) Alleles are different versions of these genes.3) For example, a person may have an allele...

Vaccination is an important method used in healthcare to prevent people from getting certain diseases. Vaccines contain a dead or weakened (attenuated) form of a pathogen, and the immune system res...

The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method of DNA amplification in vitro. It consists of 3 stages - denaturation, annealing and extending. PCR relies on the use of a thermophilic Taq polymerase en...