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Bronsted-Lowry theory: Acid is a proton donor (H⁺) and base is a proton acceptor, i.e NH₃(aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH^-(aq) (In the left...

The overall trend is that the 1st ionisation energy increases. This is because as the nuclear charge increases, the attraction of the nucleus to the surr...

Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism (different arrangement of the same atoms in 3D space) which is caused by the presence of a chiral carbon in a molecule. A chiral carbon is a carbon with four...

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction (dipole being when a molecule has unequal sharing of electrons across a bond). It is a particularly strong type dipole-dipole interaction and can on...

Moving across a period the number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of the element increases. The increase in the number of positively charged protons results in an increased nuclear charge...