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To answer this we need to talk about how electrons move in an atom. Electrons are in energy levels (orbitals) and an electron in the highest unoccupied orbital can be excited to a higher shell when ...

This bond can be described as having a non-linear or bent geometry, with a bond angle of approximately 104.5 degrees. It has this angle because the oxygen atom has 2 lone pairs and 2 bonding pairs of elec...

B = R/S 2-hydroxybutanenitrile
we get a racemic mixture because the carbon in the aldehyde where the nucleophile attacks has a trigonal planar geometry and so there is an equal chance of attack by th...

When temp increases, kinetic energy of molecules increases. Higher kinetic energy means molecules move around more and increased movement leads to more collisions. Collision theory states that the rate of...

The group 2 elements become more reactive down the group. This is because the atomic radius increases down the group as there are more energy levels. There is also more shielding from inner energy levels ...