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What stabilizes a carbocation in a nucleophilic substitution reactions?

Essentially, it is the adjacent atoms or groups attached to the central carbon atom which have the ability to stabilise or destabilise a carbocation. The formation of this carbocation is what determines t...

Answered by Alfie H. • Chemistry tutor

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What is the difference between a polar molecule and a non-polar molecule? Can non-polar molecules be formed by polar atoms?

Polar molecules are those that have permanent dipoles. A permanent dipole occurs due to a difference in the electronegativity of the atoms involved in the bond. You might not be familiar with the term ´el...

Answered by Adrian G. • Chemistry tutor

7972 Views

A white substance is placed on the table in front of you, explain what methods/techniques you could use to determine what compound the substance is

Melting point, NMR, Mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy

Answered by Gavin I. • Chemistry tutor

2647 Views

Draw the chemical structures of butane, butene and butyne.

I would then go through with the student and explain that an alkane is a hydrocarbon made up of single carbon-carbon bonds only. This is why butane ends in -ane, it begins with but- due to the number of c...

Answered by Gavin I. • Chemistry tutor

10110 Views

In organic chemistry, how can functional groups be easily identified and how can I memorise organic mechanisms?

For both As and A-level, knowing functional groups for organic chemistry is essential. The easiest way to identify functional groups is to understand which bonds are characteristic for the functional grou...

Answered by Niamh S. • Chemistry tutor

5615 Views