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Water is a highly ordered material. When something dissolves in water, some of these O-H bonds are broken. This requires heat energy. The water molecules can then form attractive interactions to solute io...

The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms from its valence shell.

Hydrogen bonding is a strong dipole-dipole attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, and a hydrogen atom on another molecule. In the case of...

The atom consists of three sub-atomic particles: Protons; Neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus of the atom and the electrons occupy the electron shells around the nucleus.

First, she should filter the mixture using a filter funnel and filter paper to remove the sand. Then, she should distill the remaining solution, using a bunsen burner, a distillation column and a condensi...