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A1.   First it is important to know that nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid and so [HNO3] = [H+]    Beaker A contains 100cm^3 = 100ml   Final volume is 150ml (50cm^3 of distilled water is added to beaker...

Na₂O + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + H₂O, easiest way to do this is to balance this equation is to write down all the atoms on both sides of the reaction. Its easiest to start with an element ...

C_n h_{2n + 2}

a) Bromoethane  

b) Electrophilic addition

c) (Drawing of the mechanism)

a) Cs, Na, K The ionisation energy increases when going from bottom to top within a group due to electron shielding. b) Be, N, F The ionisation energy increases when going from left to right within a peri...