Search over 10,000 free study notes

A reaction in which energy is released into the surroundings by the system.

Group 5 and 6 have a different electronic structure, with group 6 having one extra electron that group 5.

If we look at Hunds rule, which states that electrons must occupy orbitals individually bef...

pH is calculated using the equation pH=-log[H+]. The concentration of H+ ions, therefore, needs to be calculated. The amount of each substance can be calculated by multiplying the concentration by the vol...

The carbon atoms in diamond make four bonds The carbon atoms in graphite make three bonds Graphite has delocalised electrons which can move through the graphite to carry a charge Diamond does not have del...

Electronegativity is a key concept used to describe bonding and can be defined as the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Each element has a unique number of protons, in Hydrogen's...