How do you form an indirect statement?

There are three main types of indirect statements that can be formed. First is the use of ὡς or ὁτι with a subjunctive or optative depending on the case of the verb in the main clause, retaining the tense of the original speech, this construction must always be used following the verb λεγω. Second is an accusative infinitive construction much like Latin, where the subject is put into the accusative case but retaining number and gender, except when the subject is the same as that in the main clause in which case it remains nomnitive while the verb is put into the infinitive, this construction must always be used after φημι. The last is to be used after verbs of knowing or perceiving: accusative and participle, the subject is once again put in the accusative case while the verb is made into an accusative participle retaining the tense of the original speech. If doing the prose composition section of the exam it is best to use a variety of constructions if given the opportunity to show breadth of knowledge.