Explain the different types of conditioning.

There are 2 main types of conditioning in Psychology, namely classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning is best known with the experiment involving Pavlov's dog. He first noticed this phenomenon when his assistant would ring the bell to signal for the dog's meal, the dog would anticipate his food, thus salivating at the sight of the food. He found out later that just at the sound of the bell, the dog salivated even before seeing the food. He then theorised that the dog was conditioned into thinking that when the bell rang, food would come, so it salivated. The main point in classical conditioning is the presence of a stimulus which produces a conditioned response.
Operant conditioning is mainly associated to the Skinner's Box study. Skinner's Box involved a rat learning to press a lever to either get a piece of cheese or to prevent from being electrocuted. The behaviour of the rat was reinforced with either a reward (cheese), or punishment (electric shocks). Rewards and punishments are also then further categorised into positive and negative rewards and punishments.