Explain one example of neuroplasticity

A classic example is the case of London taxi drivers. Maguire and colleagues (2006) found structural differences in the hippocampus between London taxi drivers and London bus drivers. The gray matter volume in the posterior part of the the hippocampus (important for complex spatial representation) was greater in taxi drivers than bus drivers. This structural difference might reflect the different demands of the two jobs. Bus drivers tend to drive the the same routes, with little variation, in contrast to taxi drivers. Therefore, the more spatial representation information required, the more neural connections/gray matter is needed. While this is a classic example, it is also a correlative study. We don't necessarily know that the differences are directly caused by the different demands/training of the two jobs. We need to look to a study which looks at causation to provide more concrete evidence. For example, a motor training study such as that by Kleim and colleagues (2002), conducted in rats.