Describe the effects of cigarette smoke on the airway.

Cigarette smoke contains a number of harmful chemicals such as Tar, Carbon monoxide and Nicotine.

Tar settles on the lining of the airway and alveoli, increasing the diffusion distance for the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. Over time, this leads to a higher blood level of carbon dioxide and a lower oxygen level.

Cigarette smoke stimulates the goblet cells to release more mucus and paralyses/destroys the cilia on the surface of the airway, so they are unable to move the layer of mucus.

This allows more pathogens to collect and accumulate in the mucus which makes infection more likely.

The chemicals in cigarette smoke can also cause an allergic reaction - causes smooth muscle contraction in the walls of the airways - which further restricts the flow of air.

KD
Answered by Kristen D. Biology tutor

5867 Views

See similar Biology A Level tutors

Related Biology A Level answers

All answers ▸

Describe the control of the menstrual cycle by the hormones FSH, LH, Oestrogen and Progesterone, in the situation where the person does not become pregnant. You may use a diagram to show how their levels change throughout the cycle.


Describe the process of glycolysis


What is the process of the virus HIV replication?


Describe and explain how the lungs are adapted to allow rapid exchange of oxygen between the air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries around them. (5 marks)


We're here to help

contact us iconContact ustelephone icon+44 (0) 203 773 6020
Facebook logoInstagram logoLinkedIn logo

MyTutor is part of the IXL family of brands:

© 2025 by IXL Learning