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We have values for the mass and the acceleration of the van, so we can work out the resultant force acting on it using Newton’s second law: F_r = ma F­_r­ = 2150 x 3 = 6450N Driving fo...

To put this equation into partial fractions we need to consider it in the form: (5x + 4)/(x +2)(x - 1) = A/(x + 2) + B/(x - 1) where A and B are numbers we are trying to find. To do this we need to multip...

Here the key is to remember to differentiate with both x and y with respect to x, where the differential of y is dy/dx. Consider the first term, 3x² : This differentiates to 6x. This is done by...

Reduction: loss of oxygen (or gain of electrons)

As 3 ² is equivalent to (-3)² it follows that the square root of 9 must be + or -3.